## 3. CHEMISTRY

#### Subsections

- 3. chemistry - general
- 3.1 chemistry poetry
- 3.2 chemistry quotes
- 3.3 chemical puns
- 3.4 in the lab
- 3.5 chemical dictionary
- 3.6 chemists
- 3.7 elements
- 3.8 H20

### 3.8 H20

Index | Comments and Contributions | previous page

chemistry
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    From: mam-DIE-SPAMMER-DIE@world.std.com (Mark A Mandel)

                                     The DHMO Song
    Mark A. Mandel
    ttto* "Battle Hymn of the Republic"
    	*to the tune of

    There's a chemical that poses deadly danger to us all
    If we don't eliminate it, we are headed for a fall
    But our governments refuse to see the writing on the wall
      They're going to let us die!

    CHORUS (after every verse):
       Ban dihydrogen monoxide!
       Ban dihydrogen monoxide!
       Ban dihydrogen monoxide
         before it kills us all!

    Dihydrogen monoxide is a chemical to fear
    Uncounted thousands die of inhalation every year
    Yet the FDA allows it in our burgers, beans, and beer
      And never questions why!

    In gaseous form it's subtle, without color, taste, or smell
    But it's part of acid rain, and it's a greenhouse gas as well
    It's also found in car exhaust, which makes our cities Hell
      And dirties up the sky!

    It's widely used by industry, and agriculture too
    They dump it on the ground or in the river when they're through
    And from the ecosystem it gets into me and you
      Which they dare not deny!

    You'll find dihydrogen monoxide everywhere you go
    In oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams, in air and soil and snow
    Its quantitative formula is simply H-2-O
      You'll get it if you try!

    ......[This verse contributed by Gary McGath]
    How far DHMO has spread no one can safely tell.
    They've found it on Europa, and it's on our Moon as well.
    It may well turn our Solar System to a living hell!
    It's filling up the sky!

    [Thanks to the Coalition to Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide, at
    http://www.circus.com/~nodhmo/.]
    [For a look at the other side of the issue, see
    http://www.armory.com/~crisper/DHMO/.]

chemistry
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                    BAN DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE!  THE INVISIBLE KILLER

    Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills
    uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are
    caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen
    monoxide do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes
    severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive
    sweating and urination, and possibly a bloated feeling, nausea,
    vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance. For those who have become
    dependent, DHMO withdrawal means certain death.

    Dihydrogen monoxide:
    * is also known as hydric acid, and is the major component of acid
      rain.
    * contributes to the "greenhouse effect."
    * may cause severe burns.
    * contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape.
    * accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals.
    * may cause electrical failures and decreased effectiveness of
      automobile brakes.
    * has been found in excised tumors of terminal cancer patients.

    CONTAMINATION IS REACHING EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS!

    Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every
    stream, lake, and reservoir in America today. But the pollution is
    global, and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice. In
    the midwest alone DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property
    damage.

    Despite the danger, dihydrogen monoxide is often used:
    * as an industrial solvent and coolant.
    * in nuclear power plants.
    * in the production of styrofoam.
    * as a fire retardant.
    * in many forms of cruel animal research.
    * in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing, produce
       remains contaminated by this chemical.
    * as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food products.

    Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the ocean, and nothing can
    be done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact
    on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

    THE HORROR MUST BE STOPPED!

    The American government has refused to ban the production,
    distribution, or use of this damaging chemical due to its "importance
    to the economic health of this nation." In fact, the navy and other
    military organizations are conducting experiments with DHMO, and
    designing multi-billion dollar devices to control and utilize it
    during warfare situations. Hundreds of military research facilities
    receive tons of it through a highly sophisticated underground
    distribution network. Many store large quantities for later use.

    IT'S NOT TOO LATE!

    Act NOW to prevent further contamination. Find out more about this
    dangerous chemical. What you don't know CAN hurt you and others
    throughout the world. Send email to no_dhmo@circus.com, or a SASE to:

    Coalition to Ban DHMO
    211 Pearl St.
    Santa Cruz CA, 95060

chemistry
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                           Dangers of Hydrogen Hydroxide

    From: Nathan F Russell <nrussell@acsu.buffalo.edu> wrote:
    I once saw a tank of it the size of a house when I was passing a
    military base - supposedly it's used as an engine coolant, but I've
    heard there are classified projects that require it as well.  I've
    also heard it can be used as a vector for biological weapons.

    From: Lois Tilton <ltilton@shell-2.enteract.com>
    Even more insidious:  it gets into the atmosphere.

    From: Sea Wasp <seawasp@wizvax.net In combination with simple salt,
    hydrogen hydroxide can be even more destructive to many metals. Moreover,
    it has a bizarre set of chemical and physical characteristics, one of which
    makes it incredibly destructive to any structure that's any significant
    distance out of the tropics: it *EXPANDS* as it cools to solidification,
    something virtually NO other substance known does (most things SHRINK as
    they get cooler).

    From: Steinn Sigurdsson <steinn@najma.astro.psu.edu>
    What is more, one of the few substances that shares this property with
    hydrogen hydroxide is a metallic phase of plutonium, coincidence, I think
    not.

    From: Captain Button <button@eris.io.com>
    Additionally, it is also used extensively in nuclear reactors
    as the preferred coolant.

    From: Nathan F Russell <nrussell@acsu.buffalo.edu>
    Hydrogen hydroxide also makes certain other chemicals /far/ more
    dangerous than they nornally would be.  In fact, many - of not most -
    poisons are dangerous only in combination with it, and some disease
    bacteria will become harmless if deprived of it for any length of
    time.

    Additionally, in the absense of hydrogen hydroxide, I briefly held
    caustic soda in my hand with no apparent ill effects at all - though I
    was careful to clean the hand very thoroughly afterwards.

    From: Nathan F Russell <nrussell@acsu.buffalo.edu>
    Not only does it get into the atmosphere, it has probably killed more
    people by inhalation than carbon monoxide, nerve gases and other
    causes of accidental poison combined!

    From: Steve Hilberg <hilberg@tower.cso.uiuc.edu>
    What they don't tell you is that it's the most addictive drug on the
    market as well.  ... statistics show that almost 100% of all crimes
    are committed within a few hours of hydrogen hydroxide ingestion.

    From: "Keith F. Lynch" <kfl@KeithLynch.net>
    It's widely available even in prisons.  It's smuggled in in "pipes,"
    similar to crack pipes only much longer and wider.  The guards don't
    even TRY to stop it.

    Ironically enough, it's also the primary constituent of the mixture
    used for lethal injections.

    From: Mike Thoma <mike.thoma@moh.hnet.bc.ca>
    The use of this dangerous chemical is so widespread that even the so-called
    organic farming industry uses it to speed up the growth of their produce.

    From: Jens Kilian <Jens_Kilian@agilent.com>
    And they've been doing it for so long (longer than recorded history) that
    there are places where the damn stuff *comes out of the ground*!

    As for the Greens, I've seen bottled HOH on the tables whenever there is
    news coverage of one of their political conventions.  Hypocrites all.

    	"Aitch Two Oh - Just Say No!"

    From: jorgen.tegner@metso.com
    And don't forget it's usage as stimulant in sports!

chemistry
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    From: "lajm" <lajm@mediaone.net>
    Another note on hydrogen hydroxide:
    Public awareness of its hazards in increasing.  It has become unlawful in
    most communities to build a house where its concentration in the soil
    exceeds specified limits--and yet, in many areas, drilling holes in the
    ground to recover it remains not only lawful, but is encouraged!

chemistry
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    From: Blurb@aol.com

    A student at Eagle Rock Junior High won first prize at the Greater Idaho
    Falls Science Fair, April 26. He was attempting to show how conditioned we
    have become to alarmists practicing junk science and spreading fear of
    everything in our environment. In his project he urged people to sign a
    petition demanding strict control or total elimination of the chemical
    "dihydrogen monoxide."

    And for plenty of good reasons, since:

           1. it can cause excessive sweating and vomiting
           2. it is a major component in acid rain
           3. it can cause severe burns in its gaseous state
           4. accidental inhalation can kill you
           5. it contributes to erosion
           6. it decreases effectiveness of automobile brakes
           7. it has been found in tumors of terminal cancer patients

    He asked 50 people if they supported a ban of the chemical.
            Forty-three (43) said yes,
            six (6) were undecided,
            and only one (1) knew that the chemical was water.

    The title of his prize winning project was, "How Gullible Are We?"

    He feels the conclusion is obvious.

    From: Joseph Harper <joeha@microsoft.com>
    And here is the same story again with a student from another school: (?)

    Idaho Falls, Idaho -- Dihydrogen monoxide causes thousands of drownings
    each year, leads to excessive sweating and vomiting and contributes to
    land erosion.  And there's nothing anyone can do to stop it.

    Fifteen-year-old Nathan Zohner made people aware of that fact by proving
    in his science project on critical thinking skills just how vulnerable
    people are.

    Newspapers, magazines, radio and TV stations, universities, even members
    of Idaho's Congressional delegation have been calling Nathan in recent
    weeks to talk about the project that won the Greater Idaho Falls Science
    Fair in April, the Post Register reported Wednesday.

    The project asked 50 ninth graders if the compound called dihydrogen
    monoxide should be banned.  Forty-three said yes and six were
    undecided.  Only one person was able to tell Nathan dihydrogen monoxide
    is just another name for water.

    The Skyline High School sophomore said he just wanted to show how easily
    people can be misled.

    "Some of my friends could have done this.  It wasn't that
    extraordinary.  It was just a simple science project that kind of blew
    up," he said.

    Nathan got the idea after his father, Steven, a nuclear scientist at the
    Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, brought home a
    flier from an anonymous author describing the "dangers" of dihydrogen
    monoxide.

    WhiteBoard News for Friday, October 24, 1997

chemistry
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    From: TSKephart@aol.com
    Here is a funny chemistry story.  Somebody wrote a paper about how this
    chemical, dihydrogenoxide has killed over 100,000 people world wide,
    usually through inhalation.  The story also went on that if you wash your
    food you can never get this chemical off.  No matter what you do you will
    be exposed to this very dangerous chemical every day of your life until you
    die.  The store finished by claiming that there needs to be a government
    research group founded to find a solution.  yada yada yada...anyhow a local
    press guy got ahold of this joke, if you haven't figured it out
    di-hydrogen-oxide is the correct name for H2O or water.  The deaths that he
    was quoting were from drownings.  Anyhow this local guy ran the article in
    a paper and started a big outcry for a government study before they
    realized what the store was about.....kinda funny chemistry humor

chemistry
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                                     WATER FAQ
                            Version 0.5b - June 4, 1994

    This file is intended to answer typical questions about Water
    to reduce traffic on news:alt.drugs. This FAQ is continually maintained;
    new information about Water should be mailed to "csk@eecs.nwu.edu".

                    CONTENTS

    1)  What is Water?
    2)  Is Water dangerous?
    3)  Can I put Water in my bong?
    4)  A FOAF got some laced Water.  How frequently does this happen?
    5)  How is Water synthesized?
    6)  Is homebrewed "bathtub" Water as effective as "the real thing?"
    7)  What is 'kind' Water?
    8)  Are there different types of Water?
    9)  What is the LD50 of Water?
    A1) Descriptions of Water 'trips'
    A2) Street Prices, June 3, 1994
    A3) International Legality Update
    A4) List of Contributors

                                    ANSWERS

    1) What is Water?

    Water, W, Hot Ice, Liquid Crystal... all these "street" terms refer to the
    same substance, known chemically as H20.  Water is a highly addictive and
    toxic chemical, which in its natural state is completely odorless,
    tasteless, and clear.

    2) Is Water dangerous?

    Yes.  A scientific survey recently concluded that every creature on earth
    contains Water, and almost every creature imbibes more during its life.
    Moreover, every animal that has ever ingested this substance has invariably
    tried to get more.  Organisms unable to get more Water show signs of
    withdrawal, or "dehydration," and eventually die.  Organisms that ingest
    more Water inevitably die anyway.
    Aside from the biological considerations, remember that Water is composed
    of Hydrogen and Oxygen, which are used together as rocket fuel.  Enough
    cannot be said about the volatile nature of this chemical.

    3) Can I put Water in my bong?

    Mixing drugs is never recommended, but if you must attempt this, note the
    following:

    - Water acts as a coolant and filter.  You are likely to get larger,
      smoother hits than normal.

    - Water may actually blend into the smoke, imparting its own qualities
      to the hit.

    - Water may splash up and get in your mouth.  Yuck.

    4) A FOAF got some laced Water.  How frequently does this happen?

    Almost all Water contains some contaminants.  Generally, since Water has no
    taste or odor, the presence of either of these may indicate foreign
    substances.  Water is so strong, and so cheap to produce, that the story of
    the dealer who dusted his grass to make it salable doesn't really apply.

    5) How is Water synthesized?

    The simplest synthesis is as follows:

    -Fill a pot from the kitchen tap.

    -Boil for fifteen minutes.

    The Water is now suitable for ingestion.

    Steve J. Quest gives a more involved recipe yielding a higher-grade
    intoxicant:

                       Preparation of Hydrogen Oxide (Water)
                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      An Erlenmeyer flask is first filled with a few grams of zinc
      metal chips and is then fitted with a two hole rubber stopper. A
      thistle tube is introduced through one hole and pushed to a
      level where the end of the tube is just above the zinc chips. A
      rubber tube is introduced through the other hole and connected
      to a horizontal copper pipe filled with loose fitting chunk
      cupric oxide.  The other end of the copper pipe is connected to
      a Liebig condenser mounted in a distilling fashion (open end
      pointing down) which is suspended above a capture beaker.

      A bunsen flame is placed under the cupric oxide reaction pipe,
      and any kind of cold liquid is allowed to circulate through the
      condenser.  (some would use cold tap Water, but I can not
      recommend that procedure here due to legalities involved.)

      Sufficient quantities of concentrated sulfuric acid are then
      introduced through the thistle tube to completely cover the zinc
      chips to a level ABOVE the end of the thistle tube. Condensation
      will start to occur within the condenser and run out into the
      beaker.  The crude product represents a technical grade of
      hydrogen oxide, suitable for recreational purposes.

      The reaction sequence is as follows:

      Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2        H2 + CuO -> Cu + H2O

    6) Is homebrewed "bathtub" Water as effective as "the real thing?"

    In the author's opinion, "bathtub" Water ("slosh") will never be able to
    compete with legendary types like Owsley, Naya, and Perrier, but there is
    of course a certain satisfaction in synthesizing your own.

    7) What is 'kind' Water?

    According to Peter McDermott:

    There are actually two major kinds. 'Soft' Water and 'Hard' Water. The
    'soft' Water does less damage (to kettles, pipes, etc.)  but the hard Water
    is a better hit.

    Some people argue that there is something called a 'gatevalve' syndrome,
    where some people who begin on the relatively harmless 'soft' Water are
    likely to escalate to the hard stuff.  However, this isn't true of every
    body.  Personally, I've been drinking soft Water for years without ever
    trying anything harder.

    8) Are there different types of Water?

    Christopher K. Koenigsberg explains:

    There are apparently variations in the chemical makeup of W sold in stores,
    so someone should look into this for the FAQ (W's still available over the
    counter, no prescription necessary, not yet regulated by the FDA, nor
    scheduled by the DEA, I guess? How much longer before they catch on? Maybe
    we should be more cautious and not talk about it so openly, before they
    start having congressional hearings or something?)

    For example I've seen W labelled "Steam Distilled" but on the same shelf
    also seen W labelled "Drinking Water" and even "Spring Water", and a more
    expensive kind for Babies (yes they are even hooking innocent infants) and
    there may or may not be differences beyond just the labels and
    packaging. There are variations in the price even for the same kind of
    stuff, the local store brand is always the cheapest, regional "Artesian
    Wells" etc. are more expensive, and the imported kind is most expensive.

    There are vending machines outside some grocery stores (hey! you don't even
    have to show an ID to prove your age!) which will disburse W either
    Distilled or for Drinking, into your own choice of unlabelled container (so
    you can pretend it's something else). And the Drinking kind supposedly has
    mineral additives. I don't know if this is Strychnine, among the additives,
    which maybe causes the cramps when you drink too much, too fast, or too
    cold.... but I hear that's just a myth.

    9) What is the LD50 of Water?

    TOXICITY DATA
    REC-WMN LDLO:180 GM/KG/28H                    JAMAAP 104,1569,35
    IPR-MUS LD50:190 GM/KG                        NTIS** AD628-313
    IVN-MUS LD50:25 GM/KG                         MIVRA6 8,320,74
    REVIEWS, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
    NOHS 1974: HZD M1000; NIS 561; TNF 436805; NOS 294; TNE 7313166
    NOES 1983: HZD M1000; NIS 500; TNF 313467; NOS 324; TNE 8785413; TFE
    3032116
    EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, INCONCLUSIVE: B SUBTILIS REC ASSAY
    EPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1990
    EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 1993
    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
    LD50
    4180 MG/KG (    ) (     )
    >       99999 MG/KG  (IPR-MUS)

    CHRONIC EFFECTS
    OTHER HEALTH HAZARDS
    PRIMARY INFECTIONS OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) ARE USUALLY ASYMPTOMATIC
    BUT IN RARE CASES, SUBSEQUENT INFECTIONS MAY CAUSE MONONUCLEOSIS-LIKE
    DISEASE. CMV CAN ALSO RESULT IN LATENT INFECTIONS AND HAS BEEN
    IMPLICATED IN CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER.

    This is of course in mice and may not apply directly to humans.  W can be
    very dangerous, so play nice and be safe.

               APPENDIX 1:  Descriptions of Water 'trips' and usage

            Kevin Jernigan, alt.drugs #85634:

    I drank Water for the first time at a party last night, and it was great!!
    Some of my friends who do W told me about the experience earlier, but I now
    realize that it was beyond my wildest expectations.  I was a little bit
    scared, at first, because I heard about some of the bad side effects that
    it can cause.  A few people said they choked on it, and one guy said that
    he dribbled it all over his clothes and got them wet.  Luckily, none of
    these things happened to me.  They started passing glasses around to
    everyone and I decided to take one

    The Water was very clear in color. They said it was scored from a guy who
    got it from a spring in Canada.  I don't know whether it was really
    Canadian Water, but it was definitely good quality, judging by the color.
    I used about 500g of it.  When I put the glass up to my mouth, and
    swallowed, the first sensation I felt was of something wet traveling down
    my throat.  This sensation started before I had even removed the glass from
    my mouth.  I was able to achieve the same feeling again, by taking another
    swallow.  As the trip progressed, I noticed several other things.  The W
    produced a state of mind that I believe could best be described as a lack
    of thirst.  The trip didn't last for very long, but I think that it would
    be safe to say that the experience gave me some important insights into my
    consciousness.  Chief among these, is the realization that Water can
    relieve thirst.

            Ray Mialki, email contribution:

    Although I don't partake, some of my neighbours down quite a bit of the
    stuff, filling swimming pools and such.  I use it in great moderation, not
    even having an outside hose spigot to wash the car with.  Daily showers
    seem to be my habitual use.

            Peter McDermott, alt.drugs #unknown:

    A recent major survey (n=1) has showed that Water addiction runs in
    families.  At present, NIDA funded scientists are working flat out on the
    genesis of this crippling condition.

    Unlike other addictions, W abuse is believed to affect all sections of
    society, rich and poor alike. However, scientists have discovered that a
    gene may well be responsible for a predisposition to drinking W.

    Although 12 step 'W' recovery programmes have been around for some time
    now, major cities have begun to witness a growth in self-help programs for
    Adult Children of Waterholics. "Henry" is a member of such a group.

       "Well, I've just got so much rage about this, y'know? I was never
       able to confront them about it at the time. I thought that
       drinking Water was normal.

       Now I'm angry. Ours is a sick culture. The French would never dream
       of exposing their children to 'W' at dinner. There, the kids go from
       breast milk to wine. But every single day, there it was, sitting at
       the dinner table in front of me. Of course, they wouldn't let me have
       any, but after watching them do it, I saw where they got it from. I
       began sneaking to the tap, and taking a sip. Before I knew where I was
       I was into the hard stuff - you know, Water sports. Baths, showers,
       stuff like that.

       Well, eventually, I hit bottom. I out in town and the craving came on
       me and I found myself licking it up from puddles. Then it was toilet
       bowls. There are no wells too deep for the 'W' addict. So I went and
       got help. I've been in recovery for like.. 3 days now, but I wasn't
       making any progress. Then my therapist told me about A CoW and since
       then, it's been nothing but milk. And not mother's milk either..."

    However, not everybody accepts that 'W' use is a problem. 'Mary' has been
    using 'W' for a month now. She feels that the dangers of 'W' have been much
    exaggerated.

       "It's all propaganda, isn't it? I've been doing 'W' for ages now, and
       it's just a bit of a buzz, innit. It's harmless man. There isn't a
       single study that *proves* 'W" has any effect on the bladder, and as
       for people who say it makes you piss. Well, they are just dirty minded.
       As I said, I've been doing 'W' for a month, and I've never had a piss,
       ever.

       We've started a pressure group called 'Fair Play for Water' and
       it's our aim to force the government to tell the truth about 'W'.
       If there are risks, tell us what they are, and how we can minimize
       them.  Prohibition doesn't work. The government knows that. Why
       else would they have repealed the laws against heroin and cocaine?
       Unfortunately, there are political careers to be made out of that
       issue. Vote Libertarian.  Privatise the Water companies. Stop all
       government regulation of Water now!!!!

                     APPENDIX 2:  Street Prices, June 4, 1993

            Chicago, IL, North Shore Area
                    -Typical Naya, $1 US per liter.

            Springdale Township, Pennsylvania
                    $5 per 1000 gallons.

                       APPENDIX 3:  International Legality Update

    In Europe W is becoming something of a threat real fast. I myself have
    witnessed tourists trying to score W desperately the last couple of hot
    days here this week. As of yet there is no shortage of W, but I've heard
    that in Greece it's getting scary.

    The police are starting to recognise this situation and have called for
    more forces on the street, weeding out W-pushers and sentencing them to
    severe punishments straight away!

                                APPENDIX 4:  Contributors

    Kevin Jernigan                  (jkevin@mercury.aichem.arizona.edu)
    Ray Mialki                      (rm1g+@andrew.cmu.edu)
    Steve J. Quest                  (squest@moonwatcher.avrtech.com)
    Peter McDermott                 (peter@petermc.demon.co.uk)
    Christopher K. Koenigsberg      (ckoenig@kimbark.uchicago.edu)

    And to all you whose headers got chopped, my apologies.

chemistry biology
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    From Aliquotes Volume V Number vii July/97 (rogerb@microsoft.com)
    We present here actual excerpts from the Material Safety Data Sheets for
    water.

           J. T. BAKER INC.  222 RED SCHOOL LANE, PHILLISBURG, NJ 08865

                                       WATER
    EFFECTIVE: 05/30/86                                     ISSUED: 06/20/86
                          ******************************
                        SECTION 1 - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
                          ******************************

    PRODUCT NAME:           WATER
    FORMULA:                H2O
    FORMULA WT:                  18.00
    CAS NO:                 ZC0110000
    COMMON SYNOMYMS:        DIHYDROGEN OXIDE
    PRODUCT CODES:          426,4219

                          ******************************
                           SECTION 5 - HEALT HAZARD DATA
                          ******************************

    TLV, STEL, AND PEL HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR THIS PRODUCT.

    TOXITY: LD50 (IPR-MOUSE) (G/KG)                - 190
            LD50 (IV-MOUSE) (G/KG)                 - 25

    CARCINOGENICITY: NTP: NO     IARC: NO     Z LIST: NO        OSHA REG: NO

    EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
            NO EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE WERE DOCUMENTED
    TARGET ORGANS
            NONE IDENTIFIED
    MEDICAL CONDITIONS GENERALLY AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE
            NONE IDENTIFIED
    ROUTES OF ENTRY
            NONE IDENTIFIED
    EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES
            INGESTION:    IF SWALLOWED AND THE PERSON IS CONSCIOUS, IMMEDIATELY
                          GIVE LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER.  GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
            INHALATION:   IF A PERSON BREATHES IN LARGE AMOUNTS, MOVE THE
                          EXPOSED PERSON TO FRESH AIR.  GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
            EYE CONTACT:  IMMEDIATELY FLUSH WITH PLENTY OF WATER FOR AT LEAST
                          15 MINUTES.  GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
            SKIN CONTACT: IMMEDIATELY WASH WITH PLENTY OF SOAP AND WATER FOR AT
                          LEAST 15 MINUTES.

                          ******************************
                    SECTION VII - SPILL AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES
                          ******************************
    STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN THE EVENT OF A SPILL OR DISCHARGE
            TAKE UP WITH SAND OR OTHER NONCOMBUSTIAL ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND
            PLACE INTO CONTAINER FOR LATER DISPOSAL.

    DISPOSAL PROCEDURE
            DISPOSE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL
            ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

                          ******************************
                   SECTION IX - STORAGE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
                          ******************************

    SAF-T-DATA(*)   STORAGE COLOR CODE: ORANGE (GENERAL STORAGE)

    SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
            KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED.  SUITABLE FOR ANY GENERAL CHEMICAL
            STORAGE AREA.
            WATER IS CONSIDERED A NON-REGULATED PRODUCT, BUT MAY REACT
            VIGOROUSLY WITH SOME SPECIFIC MATERIALS.  AVOID CONTACT WITH ALL
            MATERIALS UNTIL INVESTIGATION SHOWS SUBSTANCE IS COMPATIBLE.
            PROTECT FROM FREEZING.

next page | Index | Comments and Contributions

#### Subsections

- 3. chemistry - general
- 3.1 chemistry poetry
- 3.2 chemistry quotes
- 3.3 chemical puns
- 3.4 in the lab
- 3.5 chemical dictionary
- 3.6 chemists
- 3.7 elements
- 3.8 H20

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